Sometimes they "work" and sometimes they don't and possibly with unfortunate and unforeseen side-effects.
They can often improve engine power and thus performance, and save fuel, but often at the expense of emissions and smoke - especially on diesel vehicles - which may then fail MoT emission testsbecause those devices are "generic" and not specific to particular engine configurations and stages of through-life wear.
Personally, and from actual experience (4 or 5 times over the years), a rolling-road dynamometer remap by an experienced technician has better results.
My 2007 Skoda 2l 16v TDI was relatively sluggish and the fuel consumption wasn't brilliant, but after a longish such session in around 2014 (at a company called "Perfect Touch" in Hoddesdon), the engine bhp went from just over 140 to around 185 and the torque curve was much higher and flatterer than before (and it went, and still does, like the proverbial "bomb"
). That also improved the fuel consumption and it has since passed 5 MoT emission tests on the "fast pass" criteria, and I only get a "lot of smoke" (it doesn't have a DPF) if I really "boot it" at low speed - quite a few other drivers of quick'ish newer cars have been "somewhat surprised" when an old Skoda estate almost "left them for dead"
OTOH,
- I have reservations about remaps where someone comes around to your house, plugs his laptop into the EOBD port and loads up a generic set of parameters in a few minutes - might work and might not!
- another side effect on older vehicles is that the clutch, which was "OK" beforehand", then complains and starts slipping not long after (about 6-7k miles on 2 occasions in my case)
BTW: either way, those sorts of tuning aids and remaps can invalidate your insurance if you don't tell the insurance company, and they might then refuse cover! FWIW, I have declared the remap, and it does make getting cover more difficult and expensive, although I've had cover with Admiral for the last 6 yrs or so, and the price hike has been relatively small.